Superfluids and Superconductors :: physics

In 1924, the Indian physicist S. N. Bose built up a substitute law of radiation which altered Planck's laws to incorporate another assortment of particles, to be specific, the boson. He sent off his hypothesis to Einstein for update and interpretation, and Einstein quickly thought of certain augmentations to the hypothesis. He extended the laws to fuse the mass of the boson, and in doing so guessed a weird marvel. He anticipated that when iotas of a gas met up under cool enough temperatures, and eased back down essentially, that they would all expect precisely the same quantum state. He realized this moderate quantum gas would have unusual properties, however couldn't get a lot further by hypothesizing. This wonder, which came to be known as a Bose-Einstien condensate, was a staggering jump in quantum hypothesis, however it wasn't shown until 1995 when Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle and Carl E. Wieman made the principal Bose-Einstein condensate with supercooled soluble base gas i otas. Despite the fact that this advancement didn't come until late in the twentieth century, a large number of these weird properties were seen in supercooled He4 by Dr. Pyotr Kapitsa. Helium turned into the standard for watching superfluid wonder, and most new superfluid properties are as yet watched first in Helium 4. Superconductivity, a comparative marvel, was found in 1911 by Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes. At the point when he chilled some mercury off to fluid helium temperatures, it started to lead power with no opposition by any stretch of the imagination. Individuals started trying different things with different metals, and found that numerous tranisition metals show this trait of 0 obstruction whenever cooled adequately. Superconductors are analagous to superfluids in that the charges inside them move fairly like a superfluid - with no opposition through segments of amazingly little cross-sectional territory. Physicists before long found that oxides of copper and different mixes could reach much higher superconducting temperatures. As of now, the most elevated temperature at wich a material can be superconductive is 138K, and is held by the compound Hg0.8Tl0.2Ba2Ca2Cu3O8.33. Superfluids all have the remarkable quality that every one of their iotas are in a similar quantum state. This implies they all have a similar force, and in the event that one moves, they all move. This permits superfluids to move without contact through the littlest of splits, and superfluid helium will even stream up the sides of a container and over the top. This apparant disobedience of gravity originates from a unique kind of surface wave present in superfluid helium, which as a result pushes this very meager film up the sides of the compartment.

Role of Stakeholders in Strategic Planning Process Essay

Job of Stakeholders in Strategic Planning Process - Essay Example These will likewise administer steps which will ask of the nearby publics to act as needs be so as to request a reaction which isn't just suitably determined yet in addition equipped to accomplish their dynamic interest. These stay a portion of the significant fixings behind understanding the important domains, as these will outfit the premise of IUCN over the long haul. The ecological corruption, elevating of worldwide measures and comparative different activities will be reinforced colossally if the partners are told about the exact vital arranging process which will be instituted. When the vital arranging process is started, IUCN’s partners need to concur on its various provisos with the goal that undertakings become simpler and more sensible than they would be at the beginning of such a vital arranging process (Ghobadian, 2002). The key fixings that would be required on their part are an understanding that IUCN’s vital arranging procedure would convey results on the off chance that it is allowed to show itself. Additionally there will be a far reaching standpoint of how the qualities and shortcomings weigh alongside each other. This will place things in examination and ask of the partners to think about things which are of substance in advance. The significant jobs that these partners will play incorporate the premise of their concurrence with the key arranging process for IUCN just as making ready forward for accomplishing the end destinations and objectives of the key arranging process. It will help put things in legitimate point of view and ask IUCN to devise a firm procedure in any case. Their jobs would include a greater amount of dynamic than bringing a feeling of business for IUCN. Hence appropriate meaning of appointing jobs would place things into legitimate point of view and resolve issues which stay essential to its motivation (Hussein, 2008). Concerning IUCN, it is one of the most looked for after names inside the

Family Weekend 2014

Family Weekend 2014 Ive been so busy. Its 3:23 am and this is my free time. Well, not really free time. I COULD be studying for my 8.02 exam on Monday morning but instead Im catching on all of my blog post writing. Haha I literally just finished and published a post a few minutes ago about the hackathons that happened all the way back at the beginning of October. I spent this past week trying to get all of my work done before Family Weekend. I had a 6.01 pset due Sunday night, the last part of a 6.01 lab to finish a 14.02 pset due Monday morning, and an 8.02 exam also on Monday morning. But since it was Family Weekend, all of those things were really due Thursday night. After calling the waaahmbulence for a bit, I got straight to work. I traded away sleep hours for tooling through pset problems like currency and slowly but surely I finished the 14.02 pset and half of my 6.01 pset before Friday. But Friday came along and now Im juggling getting all my work done and studying with enjoying my family being here, but hey, I guess thats life. Even if it means staying up till 4am each night for the past week. Ok, Im going to stop complaining now. So let me tell you about my day. I woke up and made my way to the Student Center where I met up with my family. I like group photos. Heres one from last years Family Weekend: So Mom was volunteering and showing people to the second floor in the Student Center where they were showing a livestream of a One-on-One with Elon Musk at the MIT AeroAstro Centennial Symposium, viewable  here. We ended up not watching the livestream because it wouldve been too painful knowing that Elon Musk was right next door speaking inside Kresge Auditorium but since there were only so many spots, they had held a lottery system for tickets, which I unfortunately did not get. That really sucked. I did it again, didnt I? I said I wasnt going to complain but then I did. Ugh. Well, after enjoying a *GREAT* chicken parmesan with *DELICIOUS* clam chowder at a *REALLY NICE* place, I had to leave my family from 4 to 7 pm so I could *HAPPILY* take care of the 6.01 makeup and the 6.01 pset during office hours. After a kalosallion amount of tries, my lab partner and I got our proto board circuit to work. It connects to a cute little frog head-like circuit board with two eyes attached to a motor and it reacts to a light sensor. So cute in fact, that Im going through my phone right now to see if I took any pictures of it to show you (Sadly, I didnt). But heres a picture of our finished circuit. Pay no attention to the lab partner behind the proto board. After that, I met up with my family at Border Cafe in Harvard Square, along with Veronica 17, Sade 17, and had a good dinner. We then ended the night by watching a showing of the Guardians of the Galaxy by the MIT Lecture Series Committee in the 26-100 lecture hall. Along the way, my brothers and I were joyously singing (atleast the words we knew) to Never Gonna Give You Up by Rick Astley and Cherry Bomb by the Runaways. No way! Come and Get Your Love by Redbone just came up on my Spotify radio shuffle. Its a sign that Im Star-Lord (atleast on Sundays, Mondays, and Tuesdays, according to my roommate. The rest of the days Im Iron Man.) Ok, Im going to sleep now. Stay tuned for more.

Anna O And The First Of Five People - 975 Words

Anna O was one of the first of five people to be analyzed by Freud. Her real name was Bertha Pappenheim. She took care of her dying father, whom with she was very close. It was after her father’s death that she developed psychosomatic symptoms and started showing signs of bigger issues. She developed a severe nervous cough, loss of appetite, weakness and anemia. She continued to develop new symptoms as the years went by. She developed a severe optic headache and lost the ability to move her head which led to a paralysis of both of her arms. She also developed mental issues with schizophrenic type states in which she would become extremely agitated. Hallucinations also plagued Anna for some time. Her symptoms grew to affect her vision, a loss of ability to focus her attention, more extreme hallucinations, and a number of suicidal attempts (Hurst, 1982). Anna was treated by a physician name Josef Breuer for hysterical illnesses, who contacted Freud after he discovered the psychosis that was present in Anna. Freud believed that the unconscious mind is what drove Anna to develop symptoms of psychosis. At this point an analyst named Jung became interested in Anna’s situation. Freud’s view of the unconscious is on a personal level, while Jung believes it is a collective view. According to Freud personal unconscious adopts repressed and forgotten experiences of one particular individual. It contains repressed infantile memories and impulses, forgotten events and experiences thatShow MoreRelatedEssay on Comparison of the Lady with the Dog and the Story of an Hour1318 Words   |  6 PagesIn the story The Lady with the Dog by Chekhov is an obvious love story from the very beginning. It is known that Dmitry is a womanizer but when he first lays his eyes on Anna you can almost feel the smirk on his face of surprised happiness. It was just something a little different that he has never felt before, even though he tries to be somewhat arrogant about it. The story is very emotional and it brings a loveless, stiff marriage on both ends to life. This is nothing special, a loveless marriageRead MoreThe Discovery Of The Alamo1027 Words   |  5 Pageswas born in Virginia in 1793 Stephen was sent to the U.S. to find Volunteers for Texas. In 1821, New Spain gained independence from Spain and later became Mexico. 835, 20,000 people moved to Coahuila and Tejas. The Texans had fought against the Mexicans and later became the war called The Alamo. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna was born in Jalapa, Mexico in 1794, in 1833 Antonio was elected President for Mexico, he served for many years and later on died in Mexico City, in 1876. On January 19 James BowieRead MoreThe Psychodynamic Perspective Of Sigmund Freud1276 Words   |  6 Pagessome way to sex, and largely hidden from our conscious mind and this is believed to be the driving force. In addition, this perspective believes in the concept of a tripartite personality’ the ID, EGO and SUPEREGO, as proposed by Freud. The ID is the first part of the personality to develop, and being the unconscious aspect that reflects our true wants and desires and which has no respect for what is socially/morally acceptable. The unconscious forms a large part of our mental life, and can influenceRead MoreAnalysis : Dance A Long1669 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Dance-A-Long† I. Modality Category: Motor Skill Development II. Name of Intervention Activity: â€Å"Dance-A-Long† III. 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He was proficient in German, French, Italian, SpanishRead MoreSigmund Freud And Its Impact On 20th Century Ego Psychology Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pagesuse of hypnotism in the treatment of psychopathological disorders(Jones,1949). One of the first regarded successes of the use of a form of therapeutic hypnotism was with a patient referred to as â€Å"Ana O.†. It was accounted that Anna O. was able to freely talk about traumatic events that caused her psychological trouble, that she would normally suppress, or refrain from bringing to conversation. With this, Ana O. was able to talk through these events and find a sense of psychological relief. It wasRead MorePsychodynamic Perspective1786 Words   |  8 PagesPsychodynamic Perspective FREUD’S CASE STUDIES ANNA O †¢ Anna O (real name Bertha Pappenheim) was not actually Freud’s patient, she was a patient of Freud’s older friend Josef Breuer. However, Anna O can still claim the distinction of being the founding patient of psychoanalysis because Freud developed the first stages of his theory based on her case. It is, therefore, worth knowing a few details of her case. At the time of her illness, Anna was 21 years old and until the illness struck she hadRead MoreBiography Of Eugene ONeill Essay example1514 Words   |  7 PagesBIOGRAPHY OF EUGENE O’ NEILL Eugene Gladstone O’Neill was born in a New York City hotel room on 16th October, 1888,he son of famous actor James O’Neill and Ella O’Neill, spent the first seven years of his life touring with his father’s theater company. These years introduced O’Neill to the world of theater and the difficulties of maintaining artistic integrity. His father, once a well-known Shakespearean, had taken a role in a lesser play for its sizable salary. Family life was unstable. ONeillsRead MoreThe African Voices Of The Atlantic Slave Trade By Anna C. 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According to the National Center for Educational Statistics (2014), the percentage of public school students in the United States who were English language learners was higher in school year 2012–13 (9.2 percent, or an estimated 4.4 million students) than in 2002–03 (8.7 percent, or an estimated 4.1 million students)

Mirror Image Compared to Alice in Wonderland - 773 Words

Alices Conversion The feeling of not knowing who the person really is and how they feel can be hard. This emotion was described in the story â€Å"Mirror Image† by Lena Coakley. This short story had a girl named Alice who had to go through a brain transplant. This changed her whole life. Because of this brain transplant, she sometimes felt that she was not really herself but felt that she was Gail, who was the body of the person she was in. This is also an allusion to another Alice in the fantasy world but that book was written by Lewis Carroll and the name of that novel is Alice Adventures in Wonderland. The book mentioned right above had the same type of allusion in which the main character is pretty much lost as to who she is and how†¦show more content†¦Jarred, Gail’s father. That’s how Alice in Wonderland felt about her feelings towards not knowing who she was by saying â€Å"I cant explain myself, Im afraid, sir, because I’m not myself you see† to th e Caterpillar (pg.19). 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Theories of Communication Narrative Theory Free Essays

string(26) " it would instigate harm\." In other words, language use in self-narratives accurately reflects human personality. According to communication theorist Walter Fisher, humans are natural storytellers (1978, 1984, and 1987). We continually weave discrete events and experiences together into coherent wholes that have all the features of stories; a plot: characters: action: a sequence of beginning, middle and end: and a climax. We will write a custom essay sample on Theories of Communication: Narrative Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. 1. 1 Narrative Paradigm Narrative paradigm is a concept in communication theory and was developed by Walter Fisher. The concept is adopted from the oldest form of communication – story telling. He stated that all meaningful communication is in the form of storytelling. Calling his theory narrative paradigm, Fisher defined narration as â€Å"symbolic actions- words and/or deeds that have sequence and meaning for those who live, create or interpret them† (1987, p. 58). Fishers claimed that narrations abound in everyday life. You go to a mosque, church or temple, and a religious leader tells stories. Lawyers too tells stories when they give Jurors accounts of what happened and why and who is to blame (Burner, 2002). Peoples past experiences influence our need for communication and also base our behavior. Thus narrative paradigm is very helpful in analyzing the nature of human communication. 1. 1. 2 Good Reasoning In western cultures, rationality is considered extremely important. We are taught to evaluate the worth of ideas and arguments by Judging how much evidence is provided. Fisher thought the Western emphasis on â€Å"pure logic† and conventional rationality was excessive. He also thought that logic or strictly rational thinking do not always explain why we believe what we do. In his original statement about narrative theory, Fisher (1978) claimed that telling compelling story is more persuasive than cads of statistics, expert testimony, and logical deduction. People are basically story telling beings. We make decisions and form beliefs on the basis of good reasons. We consider a good reason depends on history, culture, personal character and biography. Narrative rationality is evaluated by the coherence and fidelity of stories. Life is a set of stories: in choosing to accept some stories to reject others, we continuously re-create our lives and ourselves. 1. 1. Narrative Rationality, Coherence and Fidelity To answer reservations that the narrative paradigm provided no standards for judging the quality of various stories, Fisher presented the concept of narrative rationality. He claimed that not all stories are equally compelling : that is not all stories have the same power to gain our belief. We Judge stories on the basis of a distinctively narrative for m of rationality, which Fisher saw as quite different from conventional criteria of rationality. Fisher identified two standards for assessing narrative rationality, which is coherence and fidelity. Coherence refers to formal features of story conceived as a discrete sequence of thought and or action in life or literature (any recorded or written form of discourse) e. It concerns the question of whether or not a story coheres or ‘hangs together’ whether or not the story is free of contradictions. In a story, we examine how the story strings together, how probable the story seems, are the important details included, is it free from contradictions, how does it compare with other stories, and do characters behave/think consistently. How do you decide whether the story makes sense? Fisher suggested that we first ask whether a story has internal coherence. We Judge whether the storyteller has told us all of the important details so that the outcome is believable. The way we assess coherence is to compare a specific story we are told with other stories about the same or similar situations, events and so forth. Fisher’s (1987) second standard for narrative rationality is fidelity, which is defined as â€Å"the extent to which a story resonates with listeners personal experience and beliefs†. According to narrative theorists, we find stories believable when they are act as we do or as we would like to see ourselves acting. Fisher’s explains that the standard of fidelity involve Judging the values in narration. When we identify with a character, we regard her or his action as admirable, worthy, reasonable. When we accept a story as true and right, we Judge it to reflect the values in which we believes and the ways of the world as we have experienced them 2. Weakness of the theory There are 3 major weaknesses that are commonly being brought forth by other scholars and they are: I) Incomplete description I’) Too broad iii) conservative bias Incomplete description: Most scholar are skeptical that the theory could comprehensively describe all forms of communication. One of the arguments are from Robert Roland(1989) that stated that not all form of communication are narrative and do not attempt to be. As an example, Robert highlighted that science fictions and science fantasy stories do not attempt to make sense in term of most people’s experience and value. He stated that the main purpose of science fictions and science fantasy is to challenge prevailing values, experience and ways of being in the world. In the perspective of communication, scholars have identify 2 types of communications that do not apply to the narrative theory. 1st, Kirkwood (1992) argues that Fisher’s view of narrative had failed to explain how stories create new possibilities, new version of ourselves and social life. This is because like the story of Martin Luther King is out of the standard form of storyline among the people within that timeline in how they see themselves and how they are suppose to act. Andy, James Cheeseboard (Bibb) believes that the theory are unpractical to the extend that if it is true it could cause harmful social consequences. For an example, the narratives of injustice and the right to revenge that are very common in most stories. Thus we could infer that assuming that the narrative theory is true it would incite riots and killing, thus it seem that Fisher did to account the impact of stories in developing new vision or how it would instigate harm. You read "Theories of Communication: Narrative Theory" in category "Narrative essays" Too broad: In establishing a communication theory, it is essential to create a distinguish it self from another. Thus when Fisher stated that all form of communication is a form of narrative thus he is simultaneously stating that everything and nothing in the same time. Such sweeping statement on the view of communication do not assist researchers, scholars and the general public to identify the important distinction among the myriad forms of communication. Conservative Bias: Finally the third weakness that one could identify is that the theory is very insensitively bias. In the context of evaluating theory, conservative is referred to the preservation of existing or established values and practices thus due to that, according to William Kirkwood (1992)Fisher’s idea of good reasons give privilege to prevailing value and attitude and focus less on to the ways in which stories can promote positive changes in the human condition. This contradiction can be seen in one of the narrative rational criteria of fidelity. Whereby there are cases of when even if the stories that we here ‘resonates with the listeners personal experience and lives'(Fisher 1987) but in truth even if it is consistent with our experience we tend to find some stories to be more credible from one to another. As an example, a video entitled ‘A Man Falls down and Cries for Help Twice. The Second Time, My Jaw Drops. On the www. Purports. Mom shows a man wearing a hooded,pair of Jeans and a snowman lying down at a town square calling for help, but after 45 minutes there was no one that came to assist despite of the large crowd passing through. This shows that despite of the general experience of being sick, and the general believe of doing DOD no one was convinced that the guy was sick or need any form of assistance. In addition to that, Kirkwood argues that this standard of Judgment encourage us to say only what will square with the other’s experience and to avoid challenging prevailing views, vale and the status quo in social life. . Strength of the theory There are 3 major strengths that are commonly being brought forth by other scholars and they are: I) Heuristic Value it) Parsimonious iii) Dynamism Heuristic Value: Narrative theory is viewed as an original work of study that has a high value of evolve as it has provoke new perspective of communication, the nature of reason and the bases of Judging rationality Narrative is considered to be a major approach to rhetorical criticism (Bureaucrat, 1995, p. 271). Within rhetorical studies, narrative has been theorized as a rhetorical paradigm, and has been used in the analysis of various case studies from the speeches of Ronald Reagan to the rhetoric of the American Civil Rights movement (Lewis, 1987; Sells, 2008). The concept of narration also has been said to compliment well with Aristotle ancient treatise on rhetoric, ND it redefined as a primary component of a speech. In a section discussing the organization of speeches, Aristotle (2007) conceives of the narrative as the part of the speech in which a speaker leads the audience â€Å"through the facts† of the speaker’s subject or case (p. 38). The narrative section of the speech should vary according to the type of speech delivered. In an influential work, Fisher (1984) has argued that narrative is a fundamental paradigm of human communication. Under the narrative paradigm, human beings are defined by their roles as storytellers, and narrative is a constitutive part of human nature. According to Fisher (1984), rhetoric is â€Å"communicated ultimately as stories meant to give order to human experience† (p. 6). Furthermore, narrative can be conceived as an alternative to rationality as a way of understanding the world, and is more intuitive than reason because it does not need to be taught Fisher’s narrative paradigm has since been critiqued and expanded upon (for more on the narrative paradigm, see also Fisher, 1985; Fisher, 1989). Parsimonious: Due to the simplistic nature of the theory that uses a limited number of concepts to explain communication, the theory had multiple applications in different fields. Narrative has been studied in fields such as: rhetoric, literary theory, philosophy, history (see for example: White, 1980), psychology, political communication, journalism, studies of folklore, persuasion theory, media studies rhetorical studies, and political communication. In communication, scholars have studied narrative’s role in politics and their use in news media. For example, Bennett Delano (1985) present a pessimistic view of political narrative, arguing that narratives transmitted through mass media act as barriers to solving social problems by casting policy issues in simplistic, ideological terms (p. 8). For Bennett Delano (1985), the power of narratives to label political participants as â€Å"heroes† or â€Å"villains† or â€Å"deserving† or â€Å"undeserving† create â€Å"public policies that are rationalized by the construction of social problems for which they become solutions† (p. 159). Other scholars have also examined t he ways in which Journalists use narratives in the construction of news content (see for example: Lull, 2001, p. 11-26; Gangs, 1979, p. 78-115) Dynamism: The theory is very dynamic to the extend where it could evolve and compliment in any form or context in the view of life . Fisher had rebutted the idea of how his theory could and would maintain the status quo. In his critical article in 1987, Fisher stated human beings are wonderfully creative and imaginative beings. Thus he claims that we are able to invent and accepts new stories when they are better explained or offer a better direction for future living than the stories had heard and believed. This is proven in the case of Hill vs. Thomas. During and immediately after the court hearing, the national polls reported that a majority of those polled had thought that Thomas story to be more credible than the one told by Anita Hill. However, a year after the hearings, when the people thought more about it, the majority of that poll has shifted their votes toward Anita Hills account. This shows that given time to consider and weigh of both stories, people could come to believe one that initially they had found lack of credibility. This shift suggest that fidelity ,may not be fixed at a moment but may shift in response to additional experiences and or reflection. 4. Examples f the theory 4. An article about narrative theory http://www. Marketing’s. Co. UK/trends/brand-storytelling-narrative-theory/ 4007279. Article The Marketing week has made a cover on application, effectiveness ND importance of The narrative Theory in delivering an effective branding image building. In the article Jonathan Bacon stated that ‘Storytelling, or providing consistent and compelling content to build a picture of a company, is becoming more important as people scrutinize brands and businesses. A research done by Monopole; which was commissioned by brand storytelling agency Aesop; attempts to define storytelling according to 10 criteria, including whether brands â€Å"have a clear sense of purpose†, whether consumers are â€Å"intrigued to see what they’ll do next† and whether those brands â€Å"create their own world†. More than 1,500 1-J adults were asked to rate 100 major brands against these criteria before Monopole used the responses to compile a 81st of the best storytelling brands. The following are the results of the research. Thus we could conclude that a good brand story is important and this is supported by Deed Woodcock, strategy director and co-founder of Aesop which believes that a transparent and famous goal is paramount too believable brand story as an example, he state that Apple’s top ranking is the result of its almost evangelical commitment to creating technology that improves people’s lives and the clarity with which it tells that story. â€Å"Its sense of mission manifests itself in everything it does: from the design of its products and stores to the simplicity of its advertising,† he says. Apple is currently running a campaign using long copy to explain the story behind its products. Woodcock commented that in the cases of utility firms, the ineffectiveness of their branding strategy is due to poor marketing or bad publicity. â€Å"Even though utilities could be said to have a noble mission, perhaps the story the consumer tends to hear is fat cat utility rips off defenseless consumers’,† he says This is consistent to Fisher’s theory which stated that fidelity and coherence are crucial in evaluating a story. Thus a bad publicity would tainted the rationality of the theory, with even if it has good reasoning it is not consistent with how the general public perceive these utility companies. Given the central role that storytelling plays in developing a brand’s identity, it is perhaps not surprising that the ranking is dominated by some of the world’s biggest brands, with Apple topping the list and other brands such as Coca-Cola, McDonald’s and Heinz featuring in the top 10. But the study also offers an interesting insight into perceptions towards different industries. For example, while retail, food and drink and FMC brands fare particularly well in the rankings, brands in the utilities, financial services and automotive sectors are considered less adept at storytelling. The highest ranking financial services brand (Visa) is 30th out of 100, while the best storytelling bank or building society (Nationwide) is only 53rd. The top storytelling brand in the utilities sector comes 55th (British Gas) and the bottom four brands overall are all utilities, with Scottish Southern Energy (SSE) receiving the lowest ranking 4. Participation Observation Interview SURVEY QUESTION ANALYSIS 4. 2. 1 Respondent background A survey was conducted on 21st of April 2014, at KILL cafe and the following are the backgrounds of our respondents. They are separated in two types of demographics which is local and international student of KILL. There are four local students which is consist of 2 Malay, 1 Chinese, 1 Indian ,and there are six international students which is consist of two Indonesian students and four from Arab countries (3 Sudanese, 1 Nigerian ). They are ages group are ranging from 18- 25 years old. The survey was conduct by a face to face interview. . 2. 2 The Finding Overall during our survey, there were one main question that was focused which is how does the general public of KILL student identify and rationalize a lie and it was found that 7 out of 10 respondent has given a response that is consistent with Fisher Narrative Rationality Criterion. Which are Fidelity and Coherence. This can be seen throughout respondent 4-10 whereby when ask about being lied to all would have similar methodology of identifying a lie. Which are either through Fidelity Leg: There were lack of details that was told (lack of value in narration), She use the lying that I also use to tell people (personal experience) or Coherence [The story that the liar told me doesn’t hang together (consist of contradiction). The flow of his story was not consisted with what I know (Inconsistence in sequence)] On the other hand, there are instances during our interviews that were not align with the Narrative Paradigm. [By looking at the pace of his speech (body language), He acted guilty (body language+ personal experience) He confess it by himself] 4. . 3 Summary It can be concluded that; in general, Fisher’s Narrative Paradigm theory is applicable to the masses to KILL student but to a curtained extend. As what has been found via the analysis above there are a few findings that shows that there are some of the general student that do not Judge reason only from the sequence of a story and whether it make sense but they use other technicians like body language, analyzing body reaction, or some would Just tell the respondent that they had lied previously. Which to a certain extend derailed from the perspective that Fisher had brought forth which is communication is a form of narration â€Å"that all forms of human communication need to be seen fundamentally as stories-?symbolic interpretations f aspects of the world occurring in time and shaped by history, culture, and character;†( Human Communication As Narration: Toward a Philosophy of Reason, Value, and Action, Walter R. Fisher 1987) as for body language require a skill set and intuition rather than a layman interpretation off unconvincing story. Narrative theory by Walter Fisher is still applicable in this current society. There are certain people who usually talks to themselves but most of them are talking to other people and that makes them involve in becoming the narrator or a storyteller. Secondly, we make decisions on the basis of good reasoning or logic. When we deciding things in our life, we tend to think logically rather than Just Jump into it. In order to make a good decision in life, people will think logically especially in making decision. Fisher’s Narrative Paradigm is a very useful theory that explains one aspect of human nature. Fisher tells of how we are basically â€Å"storytelling animals† and how the receiver of the message Judges the credibility of the message due to its consistency or coherence. For example, when we feel sad and automatically our face will turn to something unpleasant. Suddenly there is someone notices the changes of our motions and he or she will automatically ask us about what happen and we explain it to them. The explanation done by us is what we call as narrative and this is what Fisher trying to explain that human is a natural storyteller. Nowadays the theory is most prevalent in marketing. Marketing executives are actively seeking to fulfill these two criteria to make their brand more appealing towards their customers. Even though there are only two criteria stated by Fisher, there are more criteria a person would Judge a person narrative, especially in two way communication. Thus, even though Fisher succeed to capture on why human is a storytelling species, it does not explain fully on the traits that an individual would Judge others in real life. In conclusion, narrative theory is applicable in the current society and it is present in our everyday life. 6. Suggestion to improve the theory Our suggestions to improve this theory so that it is applicable in current society are to narrow down the scope of the theory. Two major criticism of narrative theory is it could not comprehensively describe all forms of communication and the broadness of the theory. This problem can be avoided by narrowing down the scope of which narrative theory can cover. This meant that narrative theory needs to specify what type of communication it should represent. Another criticism faced by narrative theory is conservative bias. This criticism the nature of theory that conclude that human beings have a set of template on how they would respond to a specific conditions. Responding into this criticism, narrative theory needs to acknowledge that a person acceptance of a narrative can change overtime. This way, narrative theory can accommodate the flexible nature of human being. How to cite Theories of Communication: Narrative Theory, Essays

Tiger Woods Essays (777 words) - Tiger Woods, Earl Woods, Tiger

Tiger Woods Biography of Tiger Woods Let your clubs speak for you. Tiger Woods was too young to notice the racism around him. He didn't understand that in this world, people were judged by the color of their skin. He couldn't speak out about it; he couldn't voice his opinions, or come up with possible solutions because he was too young. Tiger faced many racial ordeals throughout his life, mainly because he was half-Thai and half-black. He broke into the sport of golf as one of the youngest. He not only wanted to be the best black golfer; he wanted to be the b est golfer. The only way Tiger dealt with racism was to let his clubs do all the talking for him. The book starts off with Earl Woods, Tiger's father, during the Vietnam War. A sniper almost took out Earl but his friend saved him. Later on that day, he gets in a predicament with a bamboo viper, and once again, his friend saves him. The friend's name was Nguyen Phong, and he was good in combat; he was a tiger in combat. Nguyen Phong had the nickname of Tiger. Earl vowed that if he ever had an o ther son, he would call him Tiger. After the war, back in the United States, Earl met a Thai woman named Kultida and he married her and had a son. They named the baby Eldrick, but Earl called him Tiger. Tiger Woods took interest in golf at a young age. He would watch from his crib as his father would practice his swing. He began playing golf since before he could walk. When he got a few years older, he began to compete in the Junior Nationals tournaments against older boys. He didn't hav e the strength to drive the ball far, but he had skill; he was blessed. Earl made Tiger some miniature clubs out of his old ones and from that moment on, he was obsessed with the sport. The way that Tiger played, it was no longer a sport, it became an art. With every hole he played, his game progressed to a whole new level. As Tiger grew older, he still played tournaments and racked up his victories, he even played for Harvard's golf team. Harvard was interested in having him play for them sinc e an early age. Later on in his career, he started to show that he wasn't perfect. He showed that he too made mistakes and was just like everybody else.The author of the book definitely knows a lot about Tiger. He got a lot of information for the book directly from Kultida and Earl Woods. John Strege wanted others to get to know Tiger. He wrote this book to show how Tiger got to be where he is now. The book starts off with how Tiger got the name Tiger. It was obvious that the author admired Tig e r. I really liked this book because I did not know where Tiger got his name. It was interesting to read about how Earl Woods vowed to call his next son Tiger to repay his friend Nguyen Phong for saving his life. I am not one to take interest in golf but this book was exciting. I liked reading about how Tiger started at a really young age and practiced everyday to perfect his game. Tiger is a good example of that if you put your mind to something, if you try hard enough, and focus all your atte n tion on something, you can do it; that right there you can apply to all aspects of life, not just golf or any other sport. I thought that this book was going to be boring because golf is boring, but I was really interested in reading details about all these tournaments that Tiger played in. I felt as if I was really there watching Tiger play golf. I don't think that there was anything wrong with this book; I didn't dislike anything about it. I think the reason why I didn't find anything wrong w ith this book was that this book is a biography and you can't really change the story too much because it is about someone's life. If I could have changed a part of the book, I would probably have added what Tiger feels about racism now that he is older, instead of just reading Let your clubs speak for you time and time again throughout the book. It would have been interesting to read how the racism affected him. I recommend this

A Mid Summer Nights Dream Film Analysis Essays - Free Essays

A Mid Summer Night's Dream Film Analysis Essays - Free Essays A Mid Summer Night's Dream Film Analysis A Mid Summer Night's Dream Film Analysis A Mid summer Night's Dream is another entry into Shakespeare's recent rebirth on film. Michael Hoffman's film dose not stay true to the text, but he must take liberties to allow for this classic story to be entertaining to today's audience. In this essay I will discuss the differences between the text vision and the film vision of this story from the historical setting, the time placement, Hoffman's personal adaptations, and finally Hoffman's character adaptations. In Michael Hoffman's film of William Shakespeare's a Midsummer Night's Dream, Hoffman has made some changes to the location and historical aspects of the play. Shakespeare drew upon classical mythology, English literature, English folklore and contemporary English life. So Hoffman had to try his best to update it to today's views on mythology, folklore, and life. Hoffman's film is set in Italy, instead of Greece like in the text. Hoffman may have chosen Italy instead of Greece, because Italy overall has a universal romantic feel to it. Also Hoffman may have chosen Italy because it is much more well know to the general moviegoers. Unlike today, in Shakespeare's time Greece was the center of classical history, and would be know to most of the people of his day. Hoffman did include a Greek theme when he invented the town of Monte Athena located in Tuscany. The town is made-up but still connects the text with Hoffman's film. For the parts of the movie that would be filmed in the woods, they had the filming done indoors at a studio. They would need room to maneuver people and cameras, so the real outdoors would not do. The director would not have to deal with the weather, or having enough sun light. Also the indoor setting in allowed the fairies to observe the morals, in a believable setting. So now that I have show you the setting of the film, let me show you how time was a factor in Hoffman film. In Michael Hoffman's film the play took place in the turn of the century. Telling the story using the costumes of Shakespeare's day would have alienated the viewer of the film. Also modern clothes would jar the mood, so the actors were costumed in clothes of the 1900's. The turn of the century was far enough back to support romance views yet close enough so that the suits and dresses looked something like our clothes, and would feel comfortable to us. Unlike other films that copied the plot of Shakespeare's work, but did not use Shakespearean language. For example, the film 10 things I hate about you that is a modern version of Shakespeare's Taming of the Shrews. Hoffman's film follows the Shakespearean format, just like the last few Shakespearean films: Othello, Much Ado about Nothing, etc. In a historical context it was the middle of the suffrage movement. So the woman of the time were more independent then in Shakespeare's day. Also in Michael Hoffman's film the used bicycles as a form of transporting. The bicycle was a new invention that would allow anyone the freedom of movement. It was a liberating experience that was expressed by the main charters in the film. So now that I have shown you how time was a factor in Hoffman's film. Let me show you how Hoffman adapted the play to his liking. In Michael Hoffman's adaptation of the play many of the long speeches were shortened or left out. It is possible that Hoffman had to get the film in a two-hour time frame that most modern film fit into. Any longer and filmgoers would get bored, and restless. Usually large audiences see ether the film version or the stage version of A Mid Summer Night Dream. While the film is seen on the screen, the play is seen in real time, live. Although in the feel version Hoffman had the ability to use special effects to display he view on how the magic would look like, instead of walking off stage. Hoffman added a character of Nick Bottom's wife. She had only a few lines, in which all were in Italian. Also Nick Bottom's wife

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Gbalahi Landfill Effects on the Environment

Gbalahi Landfill Effects on the Environment Beyond Technical Description: the State of the Gbalahi Landfill and its Effects on the Environment. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0. Introduction One critical area of governance that has received huge investment in the developing world, especially in African countries in the last decade, is the social sector. However, in Africa, south of the Sahara, investment in the provision of social services is skewed towards health care and education with little going to environmental sanitation. This is in spite of the fact that African governments identified waste as the second most important problem after water quality (Senkoro, 2003) and also, the rapid urbanisation that the region is experiencing. Africa is said to have the highest rates of urbanisation in the world as more people live in urban centres (UN-Habitat, 2006). Although this offers economic opportunities, it also poses daunting environmental challenges in view of the fact that anthropogenic activities and rate of urbanisation are the factors that have been acknowledged to influence waste generation rates; the World Bank (2012) has observed that the higher the economic deve lopment and rate of urbanisation, the greater the amount of waste that is generated. As a consequence, waste in urban cities in Africa have not only increased, but have also resulted in waste management problem that has become intractable and threatens to undermine the efforts of city authorities as well as threatens the environment and public health (Baabereyir, 2009). Recent studies of the waste phenomenon in Africa have shown a litany of waste management issues: poor collection and disposal resulting in waste accumulation and indiscriminate dumping into valleys, streams and rivers, open gutters, et cetera leading to chocked drains, clogged streams and stinking gutters; lack of or poor management of disposal facilities or sites, as a result, they emit serious negative externalities on the physical environment and pose serious public health concerns , especially, for nearby communities; and others that municipal authorities in cities across Africa have to grapple with (Hardoy, Mitlin Satterthwaite, 2001; Kirondi, 1999; Onibokun Kumuyi, 1999; and Pacione, 2005). Against this background, it might seem today that waste management is a debilitating problem in cities in the developing world. On the contrary, studies have shown that waste management is particularly a major challenge that city authorities, the world over, face and many cities in the developed world have faced and may probably be facing still. Pacione (2005) observed that most city governments are confronted by mounting problems regarding the collection and disposal of solid waste. The problems with waste, Pacione (2005) further observed, are centred on the difficulties and high cost of disposal of the large volume generated by households and businesses in high-income countries; and collection, with between one-third and one-half of all solid waste generated remaining uncollected in lower-income countries. Girling (2005) also cited Lord Tycornnel of England in 1741 lamenting the neglect of cleanliness of which, perhaps, no part of the world affords more proof than the streets of Lo ndon, a city famous for wealth, commerce and plenty and for every other kind of civility and politeness; but which abounds with such heaps of filth as a savage would look on with amazement. In sub-Saharan Africa seen as the last global macro-region to experience urbanisation in the twenty first century (Amoah and Kosoe, 2014) the waste management situation seems worse as studies have shown and finds expression in city authorities inability to provide the entire functional elements of waste management: generation, onsite storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing and recovery and disposal of waste. As a consequence, uncontrolled (crude) dumping appears to be officially endorsed and tends to create the perception that safe disposal of waste is beyond the capacity of municipal authorities, Oteng-Ababio (2011). In Ghana, like many developing countries, uncontrolled dumping of waste had been practised until 2004 (Post, 1999) due to lack of modern waste management infrastructure as a result of low investments (Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, 2011). Consequently, the Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies (MMDAs) lack capacity and modern faci lities for proper wastes management to meet international best practice that reduce the negative impacts of waste on the environment and public health. However, in 2004 Ghana took a huge step toward modern waste management practice by moving from open dumps to engineered sanitary landfills when two of such facilities were opened in Kumasi and Tamale (Oteng-Ababio, 2011). An engineered sanitary landfill is generally considered to be a site designed, constructed and operated to minimise its effects on the environment and public health. For example, the Solid Waste Agency (2014) defined landfill as a carefully engineered and managed structure which acts as a final disposal option for waste. The World Bank (1999) elaborated further by noting that, the commonly accepted, scientific or popular, definitions of sanitary landfilling require the isolation of the wastes from the environment until rendered innocuous through biological, chemical and physical degradation processes in the landfill. Thus a sanitary landfill is different in many respects from any other landfilling method of waste disposal. Primary differences between the landfill designs used are in the completeness of isolation and methods of construction. According to the World Bank (1999) isolation from the environment can range from: no isolation (e.g., open dumping) partial isolation (some planned release to groundwater) containment (low permeability lining within the site and collection and removal of leachate) dry entombment (i.e., long-term storage in dry conditions, rather than disposal) Thus, an engineered sanitary landfill must be managed in accord with this axiom (isolation of the waste from the environment until rendered innocuous through biological, chemical and physical degradation processes in the landfill) to prevent it from posing risk to the environment and health. To achieve this, the World Bank (1999) outlined four basic conditions that should be met by site design and operation for a landfill to be regarded as a better landfill: Full or partial hydrogeological isolation. Preferably, a site should be located in or on low permeability geological strata to inhibit leachate migration off-site into an underlying aquifer. If this is not possible then additional materials should be brought to the site, to reduce the permeability at the base of the site. These will help control leachate movement from the waste into the groundwater and surrounding strata, and, if necessary, allow leachate to be collected for treatment. Formal engineering preparations. A sanitary landfill should be constructed from prepared engineering designs developed from local site geological and hydrogeological investigations. Once constructed, a sanitary landfill has to be operated according to a waste disposal plan leading to a final restoration plan. Permanent control. Sufficient numbers of trained staff should be based at the landfill to supervise and direct all preparation, site construction, and waste emplacement activities, as well as the regular operation, maintenance, and monitoring of gas and leachate control systems. Planned waste emplacement and covering. Waste should be spread in layers and, if necessary, compacted mechanically as part of the emplacement procedure, not dumped over a cliff-like working face. Where practicable the waste should be deposited in only a small working area and covered daily to render it less accessible to pests and vermin. EJnet.org (2003) posited that a secured landfill or an engineered sanitary landfill must have four critical elements to be successful: a bottom liner, a leachate collection system, a cover, and the natural hydrogeologic setting. The natural setting can be selected to minimise the possibility of wastes escaping to groundwater beneath a landfill. The three other elements must be engineered. The Tamale engineered sanitary landfill is located at Gbalahi in the newly created Sagnarigu District but serves both the Tamale Metropolitan and Sagnarigu District Assemblies. The landfill is the only scientific waste receptacle in Tamale (now made up of the Tamale Metropolitan and Sagnarigu District Assemblies). The construction of the Gbalahi landfill has brought a huge sigh of relief to local authorities who hitherto had no place of disposing off their waste in a cost effective and environmentally sound manner. Thus, officialdom basks in this achievement and the landfill is seen as the best solution to the waste management challenges in Tamale. Sadly, however, the project has received negative publicity in the local media due to its management. Management of waste disposal sites seems to be a major drawback to the overall efforts of waste management and it is as challenging as the management of waste through all the other functional elements before final disposal in cities in dev eloping countries, Ghana, and for that matter, Tamale inclusive (Coffie, 2010; Foday, Xiangbin and Quangyen, 2013; Owusu-Sekyere, Kpieta and Abdul- Kadri, 2013; Remigios, 2010; Salam Abul, 2010 Amoah and Kosoe, 2014). Against this background, it would seem reasonable to conclude that among the many problems that confront local authorities in Ghana, management of waste disposal sites is a particularly worrying issue that seems to overwhelm them. In fact, the problem appears intractable leading to waste burden in the cities. Many believe that the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 4, 5, 6 and 7 which concerns child mortality, maternal health, malaria, et cetera and environmental sustainability could not be realised by the end of 2015 in part because poor management of waste since waste disposal affects most of the issues the MDGs addressed. There is therefore an urgent call to find pragmatic measures to ensure effective management of landfill sites in Ghana. These issues invite research attention. 1.2. Statement of the problem The problem under investigation in this research is the worsening state of the Gbalahi engineered sanitary landfill site in Tamale and its effects on the environment. Compared to other waste disposal methods, landfill is the simplest, cheapest and most cost-effective method of disposing of waste (Barrett and Lawler, 1995), and easier to operate. As a result, in most low- to medium-income countries, landfill has become the ideal choice for final waste disposal with almost 100 per cent of generated waste going into landfills (World Health Organisation, 2006). Even in many rich countries, most waste is landfilled; according to the EEA (2003), over 75 per cent of generated waste within the European Union is landfilled. Although landfill seems to naturally be the preferred option for final waste disposal, especially, in low- to medium-income countries, it could be a real threat to public health and the environment if not properly managed. According to Foday, Xiangbin and Quangyen (2013) poor and ineffective management of landfills turn them to sources of environmental and health hazards to people living near it. The management practice at the Gbalahi landfill site leaves much to be desired and below best practice of engineered sanitary landfill where the object is to isolate the waste from the environment until it is rendered innocuous through biological, chemical and physical processes of nature (UNEP, 2005). As a result, the landfill site is saddled with a litany of challenges including ease of access by any and everybody, non-functional scale house (a component for determining the amount of waste that the landfill receives, et cetera), fires, haphazard placement of waste especially during the rai ning season, irregular compaction of placed waste, non-coverage of placed waste, chocked or silted inspection chambers, scavenging or waste picking even in the working face, et cetera (Figure 1.1). Figure 1.1: Aspects of the poor management of Gbalahi Landfill in Tamale Burning and Waste Picking at Gbalahi Landfill in Tamale Source: Field Work, 2015 As a consequence there increased leachate production, especially during the raining season; smoke pollution; breeding of vermin; and is it impossible to know how much waste the landfill has received so far and how much more it can receive; et cetera and many believe the landfill is gradually turning into nothing more than a dump. The effects of this poor or the lack of management of the landfill site is unsightly facility, flies, odour; et cetera. These are becoming apparent as in recent times communities living proximal to and downstream the landfill site have been agitating and threatening to forcefully close it down due to what they say pollution, thus bringing into sharp focus the concepts of NIMBY (Not In My Back Yard) and LULU (location of unwanted land use). Conditions at the site are increasingly becoming inimical to the ecosystem within its immediate surroundings as well as health risks to households living proximal. This situation calls for a scientific study to ascertain the state of the facility and the effects it is having on the environment. Unfortunately, this has not been done yet which leaves people to conjecture and policy makers with no scientific information for decision making. This study is therefore focused on analysing and gaining insights into the state of the landfill and how the operations are affecting the environment. This will provide information on the blind spots of policy makers and stakeholders, what works well and what can be done in managing the facility and also contribute to the growing mass of knowledge regarding landfill sites management. 1.3. Research Questions To achieve the goal of the study, the research was designed to answer the following questions: What is the state of the Gbalahi engineered sanitary landfill? How is the Gbalahi engineered sanitary landfill affecting the environment? What factors militate against proper management of the Gbalahi engineered sanitary landfill? In what ways can the management of the Gbalahi engineered sanitary landfill be improved upon? 1.4. Purpose and objectives of the study The purpose of this study was to examine the state of the Gbalahi engineered sanitary landfill in Tamale and how it is affecting the environment, with the aim of enhancing understanding of the problem and the key issues affecting the management of the landfill, and also to identify possible solutions to the problem. Pursuant to this, the specific objectives that guided the study were: To examine the state of the Gbalahi engineered sanitary landfill To assess the effects of the Gbalahi engineered sanitary landfill on the environment To identify the factors that militate against proper management of the Gbalahi engineered sanitary landfill To identify ways to improve upon the management of the Gbalahi engineered sanitary landfill 1.5. Scope of the Research Geographically, the study took place at the Gbalahi engineered sanitary landfill site located northeast of the city of Tamale, about 5 km from the city centre. Tamale is made up of the Tamale Metropolitan and the Sagnarigu District Assemblies. Tamale has a total population of 366,262, urban population of 274,022 and 58,855 households (GSS, 2012). The Gbalahi sanitary landfill site is located within the Sagnarigu District but serves both the Tamale Metropolitan Assembly (TaMA) and the Sagnarigu District Assembly. Tamale is located between 0Â °45ÂÂ ¹ W and 0Â °55ÂÂ ¹ W and latitude 9Â °20ÂÂ ¹ N and 9Â °30ÂÂ ¹ N. The Gbalahi sanitary landfill site consists of a solid waste receiving facility and a liquid waste treatment facility. The solid waste dumping facility is a sanitary landfill. The landfill has a total area of ha, divided into two phases or cells: one cell is full and inactive but uncapped while the other is in operation. The facility receives approximate ly ..0 t of solid waste per day. The landfill began receiving waste in .. 2004 and it is estimated to receive a total of 0 t of solid waste by the time it is capped. The liquid waste treatment plant consists of three ponds made up of two 1216 m2 and 1216 m2 primary and secondary facultative ponds respectively and two 2432 m2 anaerobic ponds arranged in series and are connected to a common 4464 m2 aerobic pond. The system is designed to allow the units to operate in rotation. Liquid waste, including leachate from the landfill is discharged into the anaerobic pond; the connections of the ponds make it possible for the discharged liquid waste to be opened into the primary facultative pond. When the water level in the primary facultative pond is high enough, it is opened into the secondary facultative pond through a connecting valve. By the same token, the water in the secondary facultative pond is opened through a valve into the aerobic pond when the level is high. Through this natural process, as the water moves from pond to pond through the controlled valves, it becomes cleaner. The study was limited to the site because there is a growing concern about its management which many believe is below best practice of sanitary landfill thereby turning it into an environmental and health threat. Also, the proper management of the facility has a bearing on waste management in Tamale as it is the only final disposal site in the area. The context of the study is on the management practices at the landfill site and how that is affecting the environment. This is because the main differentiating element between a dump and an engineered sanitary landfill besides the engineering works in construction is the management practices. Figures 1.1-1.5 below show the map of Ghana, Tamale, the landfill site, solid waste facility, liquid waste treatment plant and sampling locations. 1.6. Relevance and Justification for the Study Since the dawn of civilisation and throughout history, humans have evolved means by which generated waste is disposed; pursuance to this, landfill has been and continuous to be the most popular option for waste disposal across the globe, Ghana and for that matter Tamale inclusive. In recent years and with the advancement in technology, landfill technology (in engineered sanitary landfill) has made it possible for waste to be isolated from the environment until it is rendered innocuous through biological, chemical and physical processes of nature before it is discharged into the environment. To this end, an engineered sanitary landfill must be managed in accord with recommended standards of sanitary practice. This is because, the consequences if overlooked are incalculable: disease outbreak and infections, reduction in the ambient quality of the environment, loss of human resources et cetera. The management operations at the Gbalahi engineered sanitary landfill in Tamale seems to fall below recommended best practice. This situation of the facility calls for scientific study to ascertain the impact of the landfill on the environment; unfortunately, the only attempt of a study of the site is a PhD thesis proposal on the topic: Overcoming the Barriers and Challenges to the Development of Domestic Sewage Fish Culture by Abdul-Rahaman submitted to the Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management, College of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. Apart from this, other studies such as Puopiels (2010) work: Solid Waste Management in Ghana: The Case of Tamale Metropolitan Area; Songsore and McGranahans (1996) study Women and Household Environmental Care in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area; Aryee and Crooks (2003) work: Toilet Wars: Urban Sanitation Services and the Politics of Public-Private Participation in Ghana and Devas and Korboes (2000) work on City Governance and Poverty in Kumasi have investigated issues related t o the urban waste problem in Ghana. These studies are but a few of the studies that have examined a wide range of environmental issues in Ghana; none of them has investigated the issue of engineered sanitary landfill site management to provide adequate understanding of the problem even though it remains a major component in achieving the overall goal of modern waste management. This situation creates a knowledge gap and makes it difficult to find solutions to the worsening state of the Gbalahi engineered sanitary landfill. To this end, this study will help to know the impact that the operations of the facility is having on the environment and further the understanding of the management problem of the landfill as well as provide a useful starting point for addressing the challenges. The research will also contribute to both the theory and practice of engineered sanitary landfill management. 1.7. Organisation of the Study This research has been organised into five chapters. Chapter one has provided a systematic introduction to the research study, statement of the problem, research questions, purpose and objectives of the study, scope of the research; relevance and justification for the study and organisation of the study. Chapter two reviews related literature and discussed landfill management operations and challenges in developing countries as well as examined the concepts of integrated waste management and sustainable waste management as conceptual frameworks and how they relate to waste management. Chapter three talked about the methods by which the data or information for the study was collected. Chapter four analysed and discussed the findings of the research and Chapter five concluded the study by presenting a summary of the key findings upon which lessons are drawn.

Links Between Personality and Health Essay

The importance of understanding the links between personality and health are being increasingly recognized within the scientific and psychological society, over the years research and theoretical advances have begun to uncover that personality can have an effect on health, whether good or bad. Illnesses can be a cause of many factors that may be biological, psychological, environmental or even sociological. Suggesting that illnesses are related to more than just biological infectious diseases such as Tuberculosis, pneumonia, influenza, etc. of which during the 1900’s were major killers within western societies. (Stroebe, 2000) Yet as medicines understanding of these diseases grew and as vaccinations and treatments were made available the major culprit for death was no longer of a purely biological nature. By the year 2000 the major killers were taking the form of cardiovascular diseases which include coronary heart disease(CHD), High blood pressure, and cancer, (American Heart Association, 1999) that have many psychological, environmental and behavioral links, and most importantly links to stress and how our body copes while experiencing it. Selye’s three stages of the general adaptation syndrome (1976) can be directly linked to the above and have on many occasions been associated to personality and its effects on health. These developments have facilitated in the creation of ‘Health psychology,’ as researchers in this field evaluate and study the link between the mind and body, and how the environment may have an impact on these to produce illness or health. The following essay will interpret work written by professionals within the field of Health Psychology and offer an explanation of how Personality can impact health, with reference to research and theories, and to highlight personality’s role in Coronary Heart disease and cancer. The effect of stress on an individual’s physical health can have very serious consequences if the body’s response to the stress is over aroused. The prolonged arousal of the sympathetic system and the adrenal cortical system can cause major damage to the arteries and organs, yet long term stress can have an effect on the body’s immune system, lowering its ability to fight off diseases, this particular notion has had a lot of links to the development of cancer. (Taylor, 1986) Yet the links between the ideas that stress affects health has also been linked to the individual’s personality. Ultimately the concept is that challenging environments produce stress, and that certain individuals that possess a particular personality are poor at coping with stress, this is usually associated with personality traits and certain coping skills. Studies into the effects of ‘Hardiness’ by Kobasa, (1979); Kobasa, Maddi and Kahn, (1982) have shown that men who have had High levels of stress yet low occurrences of illness differed from those that had become ill during stressful events. The link seems logical as those that had less illnesses had felt as if they had more control and commitment in their lives while at the same time seeing certain situations such as losing a job, as a challenge instead of a setback, signifying that those individuals would be able to turn what could have been a stressful situation into their advantage. This particular study was only conducted on males, however and alternative study showed similar results when conducted on females.( Wiebe and McCallum, 1986) An alternative to theory to the Hardiness scale is The Type A personality type that has had links to CHD and other heart issues. Physicians believe that the traits of a Type A personality tend to be, aggressiveness, impatience and often an over involvement in work. The individuals that often exhibit this type of behavior tend to be very competitive and often find it difficult to relax. (Friedman and Rosenman, 1974) In comparison with type A, Type B individuals are those that do not show the characteristics of a Type A person. They can relax and work without a feeling of urgency; they are less likely to become agitated or angry. The Biological connection between Type A people and coronary heart disease suggests that the individual’s sympathetic nervous system responds to stress in a maladaptive way. Most people when exposed to stressors such as high demands at work, feel angry, or agitated yet not to the extent to which it could cause any long term issues, as they are not prolonged and easily returned to a normal state, however an individual with a type A personality would show a much higher increase in blood pressure and heart rate. The sympathetic nervous system on a Type A individual would be ‘Hyper-responsive’ to stressors. The theory is that all of these psychological and physiological changes damage the heart. (Manuck and Kranz, 1986) In relation to the above there have been many large scale studies that suggest that there are larger varieties of risk factors than just CHD, Such as smoking, and obesity. (Rosenman, 1975) patterns shown by research suggests that it is not necessarily the individuals traits such as high ambition and the need to work, instead the negative emotions that a Type A personality possesses such as anger are seen as the main culprits for the health problems. Friedman and Rosenman’s Western collaborative group study was the longitudinal study of 3534 men, between the ages of 39 and 59. Each individual was medically examined and given a category of either Type A or it’s contrasting Type B, it was found that 53 per cent of the participants were Type A and the rest Type B. (Rosenman, 1964) After an 8.5 year follow up results had shown that Type A men had experienced higher numbers of CHD in comparison with Type B over the course of the study. Coinciding studies such as the Framingham Study (Haynes et al, 1978) and the British Regional Heart study (Jognston et al, 1987) looked into the link between Type A and CHD, each study showed higher numbers of CHD (both MI man Angina) among Type A men and women .

Lies Youve Been Told About Education Essay Topics

Lies You've Been Told About Education Essay Topics Deciding upon an effortless topic may prove to be an incorrect track as you might have difficulties finding credible sources to support your views. Finding a college education makes someone an authority in their field, and also permits them to network with a lot of people with similar interests. Students need to deal with current issues going in various arenas. Our good or bad education decides that which kind of person we would later on. The Importance of Education Essay Topics Schools should cut art and music from the curriculum so that children can concentrate on useful subjects like information technology. Education is a significant medium of acquiring essential knowledge and techniques. Appropriate education identifies our career objectives and teaches us to dwell in more civilized method. It creates lots of ways to go ahead in the future. Things You Should Know About Education Essay Topics Higher study is quite neces sary for all to acquire nice and technical job in the life. Our parents always say that in the event that you want to delight in a stable and happy life, you definitely have to get educated. Education plays great part in everybody's life as it brings positive influences on the human life. It is very important tool for the people all over the world to make balance of life and its existence on the earth. Who Else Wants to Learn About Education Essay Topics? It's true, you can purchase an essay online, but it's far better to decide on a topic by your own way. The first kind of essay that we're likely to review is argumentative writing. As mentioned there are two strategies to classify essays. When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the most significant point to do is to select a topic and an argument which you can really get behind. You must then reinforce your arguments by mentioning a couple of details about each argument. The significance of a thesis statement is the fact that it aids the reader to recognize the major idea of youreducation essay, since it reflects your opinion about the topic of writing. Therefore, it's possible to never underestimate the importance of doing research for an essay. Always be sure you answer the question. Based on your subject of choice you may have to have reputable sources to help provide good evidence for your thesis or argument. You may decide to write on the issue you've already formed an opinion about. It's impossible to comprehend how the admission board sees the topic that you decide to pick out. Education time is a vital portion of life for everybody personally and socially. It improves the mental status and change the way of thinking of a person. It is very important tool for everyone to succeed in life and get something different. Everybody should get edu cation so as to enhance their living standard. The function of education is to prepare children for the contemporary world. The subscription on your company enterprise You ought to be serious by it. Future of the any individual or country is dependent on the education system strategy followed. Moreover, aside from economic prosperity and success, surely, there are a lot of reasons why education is quite valuable especially in the modern world. By means of example, you mean to begin the terms education. As a case, it examines deeply the rise of somebody in addition to the constitutions of education pertaining to the setting together with the culture commonly. As a case in point, it examines deeply the growth of someone along with the constitutions of education in regard to the surroundings together with the modern society usually. As an illustration, it examines deeply the rise of somebody as well as the constitutions of education regarding the setting along with the modern society normally. Adhere solely to guidance that you quite cite in your paper. Adhere just to guidance that you ultimately cite in your paper. If your paper includes more than merely a simple discussion of security in schools, you may want to incorporate a small background information regarding gun control. Now, you've got to compose a paper about education. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Education Essay Topics Moreover, social networking site s like Facebook and Twitter among many more, chat, text messages and websites are avenues by which cyber bullying College education essay If you're studying at pedagogical university or you have subjects associated with Education and Teaching, you will need to deal with essays about education. The entire education was separated into three divisions like the main education, secondary education and Higher Secondary education. The History of Education Essay Topics Refuted Consider how education will appear in twenty decades. You're going to need education essay scholarship to take into account, in the event the classes is small or big, exactly how many subject matter you'll get there and in what way lots of tutors you are going to need. School education plays a fantastic part in everybody's life. The education process is fluid.

Plato learning analyzing speeches - 3401 Words

Analyzing Speeches The Lesson Activities will help you meet these educational goals: 21st Century Skills—You will assess and validate information. Directions Please save this document before you begin working on the assignment. Type your answers directly in the document. _________________________________________________________________________ Teacher-Graded Activities Write a response for each of the following activities. Check the Evaluation section at the end of this document to make sure you have met the expected criteria for the assignment. When you have finished, submit your work to your teacher. 1. Comparing Speeches a. Read President Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address and Martin Luther King Jr.’s I Have a Dream†¦show more content†¦America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color It makes America seem more relatable by everyone. b. Listen to one (or more) of the readings of the Gettysburg Address. Did you notice any rhetorical devices when listening to the speech that you did not notice when you read the speech, and vice versa? Do the rhetorical devices have a different effect when they are spoken as opposed to read? Explain your response. Type your response here: I did not hear anymore rhetorical devices in other readings of the Gettysburg address. However the rhetorical devices seem to stand out more when they are read because they have the full emotion of the voice to display them, thus making it more emotional and understandable. c. Listen to Martin Luther King Jr.’s I Have a Dream speech. What differences did you notice between the way the Gettysburg Address and I Have a Dream were delivered? Which rhetorical devices were more effective in each speech? Type your response here: I have a dream was delivered with more emotion than the Gettysburg address, I suppose it is because of the subject matter, Human rights seem to be more important than war and hate, and yet both speeches used wonderful rhetorical devices, In the Gettysburg address the use of the antanagoge is very prominit because it helps to ensure that they will never be forgotten. In I have a dream uses the rhetoricalShow MoreRelatedModernization of Ntuc Income Case Study14065 Words   |  57 PagesC H A P T E R 4 Workplace Emotions and Attitudes Learning Objectives AFTER READING THIS CHAPTER , YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO : I Deï ¬ ne emotions and identify the two dimensions around which emotions are organized. I Diagram the model of emotions, attitudes, and behaviour. I Identify the conditions that require and problems with emotional labour. I Outline the four components of emotional intelligence. I Summarize the effects of job dissatisfaction in terms of the exit-voice-loyalty-neglectRead MoreModernization of Ntuc Income Case Study14054 Words   |  57 PagesC H A P T E R 4 Workplace Emotions and Attitudes Learning Objectives AFTER READING THIS CHAPTER , YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO : I Deï ¬ ne emotions and identify the two dimensions around which emotions are organized. I Diagram the model of emotions, attitudes, and behaviour. I Identify the conditions that require and problems with emotional labour. I Outline the four components of emotional intelligence. I Summarize the effects of job dissatisfaction in terms of the exit-voice-loyalty-neglect modelRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSelf-Awareness 46 Self-Awareness Assessment 46 Emotional Intelligence Assessment 47 The Defining Issues Test 48 v Cognitive Style Indicator 52 Locus of Control Scale 52 Tolerance of Ambiguity Scale 54 Core Self-Evaluation Scale (CSES) 56 SKILL LEARNING 57 Key Dimensions of Self-Awareness 57 The Enigma of Self-Awareness 58 The Sensitive Line 58 Understanding and Appreciating Individual Differences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making andRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages. . . . . . . . . . 30 The Quantitative Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 The Systems Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 The Contingency Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 The Learning Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Library and Information Center Management: The Historical Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .